California immigrant driverfs licenses bring many questions
Published Tuesday, Sep. 24, 2013 - The Sacramento Bee
The ride Isabel Medina was waiting for never arrived.
She and her husband, Felipe, both live in the United States illegally – they
came from Mexico in 1996 – and one night eight years ago Isabel was in the
hospital, waiting for Felipe to pick her up. He didnft show. She eventually made
her way home to find that Felipe had been pulled over for a traffic violation.
The car was impounded, the couple had to pay $1,500, and they never got the car
back.
However painful, the incident has not prevented them from once more taking to
the roads.
gAfter that, even though we are scared to drive without a driverfs license,
we still drive because it is a necessity,h said Medina, who lives in East Los
Angeles. gWe have to drive to get to school and work.h
Soon, they could do so legally. After a decade of failed attempts, California
appears poised to join the small but growing number of states that offer
driverfs licenses to undocumented immigrants.
Assuming Gov. Jerry Brown signs legislation on his desk, as he has said he
would, California will move down a regulatory road to determine what, exactly,
driverfs licenses for undocumented immigrants look like. It is a question that
fueled skepticism around the legislation, Assembly Bill 60, compelling the
billfs author to briefly pull the measure as the 2013 session dwindled to its
final hours.
Central to those concerns was how blatantly the licenses would identify their
carriers as being here illegally. Stringent new federal requirements, adopted in
2005 in response to the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, require applicants for
government-issued IDs to submit information, like a Social Security number and
evidence of lawful status, that undocumented immigrants by definition lack.
So the immigrant licenses must bear markings distinguishing it from full
licenses and a disclaimer that the card cannot be used for federal purposes – a
troubling proposition to critics. By allowing immigrants to drive legally,
skeptics asked, are we opening them to exposure and, potentially,
deportation?
gIt really sort of put a target on immigrants because if the entire
discretion for what the marks were was to be left up to the DMV at the behest of
the administration, and you had an anti-immigrant Pete Wilson type in office,
therefs nothing to prevent them from putting a big red eimmigrantf across the
license,h said Steve Smith, a spokesman for the California Labor Federation.
Ultimately, Assemblyman Luis Alejo, D-Watsonville, managed to allay those
concerns with amendments prohibiting discrimination and suggesting what the
licenses might look like – they would be gvery discreet,h Alejo said. The
opposed groups dropped their resistance.
gThe concerns that I heard were the activist leaders who were concerned this
is some kind of labeling of a class of folks, some imprint,h said Assemblywoman
Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, who voted for the bill. gI got those calls,h she
added, gbut it was the calls from people who have desperately wanted a license
for the last 17 years that weighed heavier.h
Asked about the new licenses potentially flagging her as undocumented, Medina
sounded unfazed. She hopes Brown will sign a separate bill, known informally as
the Trust Act, designed to limit deportations stemming from minor violations
like traffic infractions. She also has been volunteering with an immigrant
rights organization, the Coalition of Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles,
and has acquired a new perspective.
gWhat I really think is that itfs not time to be afraid,h Medina said. gIf
you know your rights,h she added, gyou will be safe and have your family
together here in the United States.h
Next steps
The Legislature has concluded its work; once Brown signs the bill, the
agencies take over.
First, the Department of Motor Vehicles would collect input on what the
licenses would look like and come up with a prototype. They would then submit
the design to the federal Department of Homeland Security to ensure the licenses
comply with federal rules.
Proponents of the bill project confidence that, in its final form, the
legislation bars the DMV from crafting the type of scarlet-letter licenses
immigrant advocates fear.
The cards would need to bear language stipulating that they canft be used for
federal purposes, to seek employment, to obtain public assistance or to register
to vote. The bill also says the cardfs front must display a grecognizable
featureh and suggests something subtle, such as the letters gDPh (for gdriving
privilegeh) rather than gDLh preceding the license number.
Marva Diaz, a spokeswoman for Alejo, acknowledged that the billfs provisions
about how the licenses will look are greally just guidelines,h with the ultimate
authority resting with the DMV. But Alejo said he is confident about the final
project given the time his office office had put in working with the DMV.
gUnless they totally do the opposite of the commitment I got from them, itfs
going to comply with the intent of what we put into the bill,h Alejo said.
The agency also must determine the documents applicants can use to prove
California residency. The bill lists utility bills and leases as possible pieces
of evidence.
Then there is the question of logistics – in particular, whether the
California Department of Motor Vehicles is equipped to handle a surge in new
applications. An analysis of the legislation by the Senate Appropriations
Committee estimated that some 1.4 million immigrants could put in for the new
licenses, at a cost of $140 million to $220 million over three years.
Brownfs office declined to discuss specifics, saying to do so would be
premature.
In the final analysis, the bill drew few official detractors. While most
Republicans voted against it, the California State Sheriffsf Association took no
formal position and the California Police Chiefs Association lent its
support.
Brown, who had rejected the idea while running for governor in 2010, pivoted
to a support position after criticizing the lack of action on immigration reform
in Congress. That reflected other states taking matters into their own hands:
When Colorado passed a similar law earlier this year, Democratic governor John
Hickenlooper also said a federal lag motivated his signature.
To proponents, that reflects the common-sense, public safety-oriented logic
that brought both law enforcement and the insurance industry on board:
Undocumented immigrants are already driving, particularly farm workers who live
in rural areas where public transportation is effectively nonexistent, so it
makes sense to bring them into a formal system.
gItfs axiomatic that highway safety is enhanced if everybody is licensed,
they have to pass a driving proficiency test and theyfre insured,h said John
Lovell, a lobbyist for the California Police Chiefs Association.
Trouble in other states
On the subject of law and order, New Mexico Republicans have a different set
of concerns.
One of several Western states with a booming Latino population, New Mexico
has offered licenses to undocumented immigrants since 2003. The state acted
before federal restrictions took effect, and issues full licenses rather than
immigrant-specific cards of the kind California has approved.
Gov. Susana Martinez, a Republican, has fought vigorously for a repeal and
campaigned on a vow to eliminate the law, saying the measure encourages
non-residents to travel to New Mexico in search of licenses.
Demesia Padilla, secretary of the statefs Taxation and Revenue Department,
said fraud rings offering to sell counterfeit documents have flourished,
overburdening the New Mexico Motor Vehicle Division and straining the statefs
capacity for fraud enforcement.
gWhat we have seen is just a criminal element that has arose around this
law,h Padilla said.
Washington faced a similar issue. The state has never distinguished legal
residents from immigrants in giving out driverfs licenses and passed a bill
barring the use of state funds to comply with the federal identification
law.
In recent years, officials at the statefs Department of Licensing noticed an
influx of out-of-state immigrants trying to secure licenses, in some cases with
the aid of ghandlersh who accepted payment to help people present themselves as
Washington residents. In response, the Department of Licensing tightened its
rules around proving residency.
The DMVfs authority to craft new regulations around the application process,
coupled with the possibility of follow-up legislation, should safeguard against
the law being exploited, Alejo said. He added that his office researched the
experience of other states when drafting the California bill and incorporated
what they learned.
gI think what we passed,h Alejo said, gis the best bill out of all of those
that have been enacted across the country.h
Call Jeremy B. White, Bee Capitol Bureau, (916)
326-5543.